(1) Kutarisisa uye Mafambiro eKuvandudza eiyo Global Rail Transit Equipment Indasitiri
①Nehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji muindasitiri yepasirese njanji yekufambisa, musika wepasi rose wenjanji wemidziyo wakaratidza kukura kwakasimba.
Munzanga yanhasi, nekukurumidza kusimukira kwehupfumi hwemagariro, matambudziko akadai sekushaikwa kwezviwanikwa uye kusvibiswa kwakakomba kuri kukurumbira, zvichikonzera kusakwana kwevatakuri nekutakura zvinhu, kuwanda kwemigwagwa, kubuda uye kusvibiswa kweruzha, uye nyore uye kuchengetedzeka kwezvifambiso zveveruzhinji. , izvo zviri kuwedzera kutariswa.Naizvozvo, nyika dzepasirese dzakatora kuvandudzwa kwemhando dzakachengeteka, dzinoshanda, dzakasvibira, uye dzine hungwaru dzekufambisa njanji senzira inotungamira yekuvandudzwa kwezvifambiso zveveruzhinji, uye nzira yekusimudzira yachinjawo kubva kumaitiro echinyakare kuenda kune yakabatana, inogoneka, uye multimodal transportation development.A new wave of technology innovation, inomiririrwa neruzivo network, hungwaru kugadzira, simba idzva, uye zvinhu zvitsva, iri kubuda pasi rose, uye yepasi rose njanji yekufambisa midziyo munda iri kubereka kutenderera kutsva kwese-kutenderera shanduko.Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji muindasitiri yepasirese njanji yekufambisa, musika wepasi rose njanji yemidziyo yemidziyo yakaratidza kukura kwakasimba.Musika wepasi rose wemusika muna 2010 waive 131 bhiriyoni euros, wakasvika 162 bhiriyoni euros muna 2014. Zvinotarisirwa kuti huwandu hwemusika huchapfuura 190 bhiriyoni euros panosvika 2018, paine mukomboni wepagore kukura kwe3.4%.
Global Rail Transit Equipment Market Size kubva 2010 kusvika 2018 (100 miriyoni euros)
②Oligopolies yakagadzira mumusika wepasi rose wenjanji yemidziyo, ine nzvimbo dzekupaka dzeChina dziri kutanga.
PaBerlin Rail Transit Exhibition ine mukurumbira pasi rose (Innotrans2016), iyo 2015 chinzvimbo chemakambani epasi rose ezvitima zvekutakura njanji yaive yakavakirwa pamari yekutengesa yezvitima zvichangobva kugadzirwa uye mota nemakambani emidziyo yechitima.CRRC yakaiswa pekutanga nemari yekutengesa inodarika 22 bhiriyoni euros, pasina kupokana ichimira pekutanga muindasitiri yepasi rose njanji yemidziyo, uye mari yekutengesa kwayo muna 2015 yaive yakakura kupfuura yeCanada Bombardier Mari yakasanganiswa yekutengesa yeAlstom kubva kuFrance, iri pachinhanho chechitatu, uye Nokia kubva. Germany, iri pachinhanho chechina, ndeye 14. Iyo oligopoly inotungamirwa neCRRC mumusika wepasi rose njanji yemidziyo yemagetsi yakaumbwa.Sekureva kweCRRC's 2016 mushumo wepagore, CRRC yakawana mari inosvika 229.7 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2016, iyo njanji, njanji yemudhorobha, uye zvivakwa zvemudhorobha zvinosvika 134 bhiriyoni yuan, inoverengera 58.35%;Muna 2016, pakanga paine 262.6 bhiriyoni yuan yemirairo mitsva (kusanganisira ingangoita 8.1 bhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica muzvibvumirano zvebhizinesi repasi rose, kuwedzera kwegore negore kwe40%), uye 188.1 bhiriyoni yuan yemirairo iri muruoko pakupera kwenguva.CRRC inotarisirwa kuenderera mberi nekusimbisa chinzvimbo chayo seyekutanga pasirese mumunda wepasi rose njanji michina yekufambisa.
(2) Pfupiso uye Mafambiro Ekusimudzira eChina Rail Transit Equipment Indasitiri
①Indasitiri yekugadzira midziyo yenjanji yave imwe yezvakanakira kukwikwidza munzvimbo yeChina yepamusoro-yekupedzisira yekugadzira michina, uye isimba rakakosha rekufambisa kukurumidza kusimudzira maindasitiri ari kusimukira eChina.
Mushure memakore anopfuura makumi matanhatu ebudiriro, indasitiri yekugadzira njanji yekuChina yakagadzira yakazvimirira yekutsvagisa nekusimudzira, yakakwana kutsigira zvivakwa, midziyo yepamusoro, uye kushanda kukuru kwechitima chekufambisa midziyo yekugadzira iyo inobatanidza kutsvagisa nekusimudzira, dhizaini, kugadzira. , kuedza, uye basa.Inosanganisira zvitima zvemagetsi, zvitima zvedhiziri, mayuniti akawanda, mota dzinotakura vanhu njanji, njanji dzinotakura zvinhu, mota dzenjanji dzemudhorobha, zvikamu zvakakosha zvezvitima nemotokari, midziyo yechiratidzo, michina yekudhonza magetsi Mumakore gumi apfuura, nekufambira mberi kwekumhanya-mhanya, zvinorema-basa, zviri nyore, uye zvakatipoteredza zvine hushamwari tekinoroji nzira, yakakwirira-kumhanya akawanda mayuniti uye yakakwirira-simba rocomotives vakawana zvinoshamisa kubudirira mune gumi nyanzvi dzekugadzira masisitimu senge track engineering michina nemidziyo.Indasitiri yekugadzira njanji yekufambisa njanji inomiririra hunyanzvi hunofambiswa, hungwaru shanduko, hwaro hwakasimba, uye kukura kwegirinhi.Ndiro rimwe remaindasitiri ane danho repamusoro rekuzvimiririra innovation, kukwikwidza kwakasimba kwepasirese innovation, uye inonyanya kuoneka maindasitiri ekutyaira muchikamu chepamusoro chekugadzira michina yeChina.Yakave iyo yakakosha yekukwikwidza mukana weChina wepamusoro-yekupedzisira midziyo yekugadzira musika mumusika wepasi rose wenjanji wemidziyo, isimba rakakosha rekufambisa kukurumidza kusimudzira maindasitiri ari kusimukira muChina.
②Izvo zviviri zvinokonzeresa kutsigirwa kwepolicy uye kudiwa kwemusika zvinosimudzira kukurumidza kusimudzira kweChina njanji yekufambisa michina indasitiri, ine nzvimbo huru yemusika.
Midziyo yekufambisa njanji mumiriri akakosha wemidziyo yeChina yepamusoro-soro inoenda pasi rose.Iyo "Made in China 2025" yakaburitswa neState Council muna 2015 inonyatso kurudzira kuita mapurojekiti makuru mashanu, anosanganisira kuvakwa kwenzvimbo yenyika yekugadzira innovation, kugadzira zvine hungwaru, kusimbisa hwaro hwemaindasitiri, kugadzirwa kwegirinhi, uye kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yepamusoro, kuburikidza hutungamiriri hwehurumende nekubatanidzwa kwezviwanikwa, kuwana zvakakosha zvakajairwa tekinoroji zvinokanganisa kusimudzira indasitiri yekugadzira uye kuwedzera kukwikwidza kwese kweindasitiri yekugadzira yeChina.Iyo "Made in China 2025 Key Fields Technology Roadmap" (inonzi "Tekinoroji Roadmap") inoburitsa zvinodikanwa zvekushandisa njanji.Pakazosvika 2020, hunyanzvi hwekutsvagisa nekusimudzira uye zvigadzirwa zvinotungamira zvechitima chekufambisa zvichasvika padanho repamusoro, nekutengesa kwemaindasitiri kunodarika mabhiriyoni mazana matanhatu nemakumi mashanu emayuan, bhizinesi remhiri kwemakungwa rinoverengera anopfuura makumi matatu muzana, uye indasitiri yebasa inodarika gumi nemashanu%.Zvigadzirwa zvakakosha zvichapinda mumisika yenyika dzakabudirira muEurope neAmerica;Pakazosvika 2025, indasitiri yekugadzira njanji yekufambisa njanji ichave yaumba yakazara uye yakagadzikana hurongwa hwekuvandudza, kushandisa hungwaru hwekugadzira modhi muminda mikuru.Zvigadzirwa zvayo zvikuru zvichasvika kune dzimwe nyika nhanho dzinotungamira, nebhizimusi rekunze rinoverengera 40% uye indasitiri yebasa inoverengera anopfuura makumi maviri%.Ichatungamira kudzokororwa kwezviyero zvepasirese, kumisa inotungamira yepasi rose yechizvino njanji yemidziyo indasitiri system, uye kutora iyo yepamusoro-yekupedzisira indasitiri yepasi rose.Kutungamirwa nemitemo yenyika yakanaka uye ichitungamirwa nemusika wakasimba wekuda, indasitiri yekugadzira njanji yekugadzira njanji iri kupinda munguva yekukura nekukurumidza.Pakazosvika 2020, kudiwa kwemusika wekutengesa kwekutengesa kukosha kweindasitiri yemidziyo yenjanji inodarika mabhiriyoni mazana matanhatu nemakumi mashanu emayuan inopa tarisiro yakakura yekusimudzira uye nekukurumidza kusimudzira kweindasitiri yezvitima zvekufambisa.Muna 2020, mari yekutengesa yeChina njanji inotenderedza stock uye akawanda mayuniti ekugadzira indasitiri yakapfuura 350 bhiriyoni yuan, uye kudiwa kwemusika kweindasitiri yemidziyo yenjanji inofungidzirwa kuti ingangoita matrillion yuan.
Kufanotaura kweKutengesa Chikero cheChina Railway Rolling Stock uye Multiple Unit Manufacturing Indasitiri kubva 2015 kusvika 2020 (100 miriyoni yuan)
③Seyakakosha mbiru indasitiri mumunda wezvitima zvekufambisa njanji muChina, njanji yakakwirira-yekumhanya akawanda mayuniti uye madhorobha ekufambisa njanji yemidziyo indasitiri inoperekedza kuitwa kweiyo Belt uye Road zano, inonyatso fambisa kusimudzira kwakarongwa kwese maindasitiri cheni, uye kuwedzera simba renyika.Sezvatinoziva tese, njanji inomhanya-mhanya yave imwe yemakadhi ekuChina evamiriri uye mutungamiri akakosha wemidziyo yenjanji muindasitiri yekugadzira michina yeChina yepamusoro.Sezvo hurumende yeChina ichisimudzira kuita chirongwa cheBelt and Road, dunhu rinotenderera kunyika dziri kuCentral neSouth Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, neWest Asia, uye richienda kuEastern Europe neNorth Africa, idzo dzose dzine. zvinodiwa nekukurumidza pakuvaka zvivakwa uye kubatana.Zvinofungidzirwa kuti huwandu hwevanhu vari munzira yeBelt uye Road vangangoita 4.4 bhiriyoni, inoverengera makumi matanhatu nenhatu muzana yehuwandu hwepasi rose, uye huwandu hwayo hwehupfumi hunosvika 21 trillion US dollars, inoverengera 29% yehuwandu hwehupfumi hwenyika. .Sechirongwa chenyika cheChina, iyo Belt uye Mugwagwa une hunyanzvi hwekukosha hwekufambisa kweChina, kusimudzira chikamu chevashandi vepasi rose, uye kumisa izwi reChina pasi rose.Seyakakosha mbiru indasitiri mumunda wezvitima zvekufambisa njanji muChina, njanji yakakwirira-yekumhanya akawanda mayuniti uye njanji yekufambisa njanji ichave piyona weBelt uye Road Initiative ine hunhu hwayo hwakasiyana hwekuchengetedza girinhi kwezvakatipoteredza uye yakakwirira-vhoriyamu yekufambisa. , kufambisa kufambiswa kwakarongeka kweketani yese yeindasitiri yesimbi yekumusoro, simbi dzisina simbi, kuvaka zvivakwa zvenjanji, kuvaka kwemidziyo inotsigira, nezvimwe zvine chekuita nemidziyo yemotokari yepakati nekudzika, kushanda kwemudhorobha, kutakura zvinhu, kutakura vanhu nekutakura zvinhu, Kuvandudza simba repasi rose Indasitiri yekugadzira michina yezvitima yeChina.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-24-2023